![]() ![]() Comp Cont Educ Pract Vet 20 (10), 1121-1131 VetMedResource. Fribert C A & Lewis D T (1998) Insect hypersensitivity in small animals.J Vet Emerg Crit Care 9 (2), 67-71 VetMedResource. Waddell L S & Drobatz K J (1999) Massive envenomation by Vespula spp.Noble S J & Armstrong P J (1999) Bee sting envenomation resulting in secondary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in two dogs.Wojcik D P, Allen C R, Brenner R J et al (2001) Red imported fire ants: impact on biodiversity.Shimada A, Nakai T, Morita T et al (2005) Systemic rhabdomyonecrosis and acute tubular necrosis in a dog associated with wasp stings.Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 21 (4), 194-204 PubMed. Fitzgerald K T & Flood A A (2006) Hymenoptera stings.Zoonoses & Public Health 59 (1), 35-38 PubMed. Niza M E, Ferreira R L, Coimbra I V et al (2012) Effects of pine processionary caterpillar Thaumetopoea pityocampa contact in dogs: 41 cases (2002-2006).Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.This can lead to severe tissue damage and necrosis of the lingual tissues.įurther Reading Publications Refereed papers Urticating hairs of the Oak Processionary caterpillar ( Thaumetopoea processionea) and Pine Processionary caterpillar ( Thaumetopoea pityocampa) can cause intense swelling of the tongue and oral tissues if licked from the hair coat.Oropharyngeal edema, where present, may compromise respiration and make intubation difficult.Where a bee or wasp nest is found and disturbed within the home and garden there may be some risk to humans, particularly if hypersensitized individuals are exposed.Outdoor rabbits are likely to be more at risk of being stung. By comparison, rabbits are less likely to chase after such insects and may therefore be less likely to be stung.Dogs/cats may investigate, and/or catch, insects and may therefore be more predisposed to being stung.The spread of Processionary caterpillars ( Thaumetopoea spp) across Western Europe has increased the incidence of reactions to their urticating hairs.The highest incidence of stings is therefore typically in the summer. They are usually not active at temperatures Bees, bumblebees, wasps, hornets and ants are found throughout the UK.An IFA sting produces a characteristic local sterile pustule, 1-3 mm in diameter, within 24 h in both humans and rabbits.Acute renal failure Kidney: renal failure has been reported following hornet stings in dogs.In cases of anaphylaxis, restlessness, diarrhea Diarrhea: overview, hematochezia, circulatory collapse, coma and death may all be seen.These are associated with specialized bristles, known as urticating hairs. Many caterpillars also have defensive venom glands.In the Southeastern Unites States, the most common insect responsible for stings is probably the Imported Fire Ant (IFA, Solenopsis invicta).In the UK, the common wasp ( Vespula vulgaris) and the honeybee ( Apis mellifera) are likely the most common insects to sting companion animals.Ants, bumble bees, honeybees and some wasps are social insects, and live in colonies controlled by one or more large female queens, and all work together for the good of the colony.Most bees and wasps are solitary insects.The Hymenoptera order is a very larger order containing the sawflies and a wide range of parasitic insects as well as the bees, wasps, hornets and ants:.This article deals specifically with venomous insects and focuses particularly on the Hymenoptera (wasp). ![]() Amongst the invertebrates are spiders, centipedes, scorpions and a wide range of stinging insects.Many animals can be described as venomous there include a wide range of invertebrates and certain fish and reptiles.Venoms are poisonous substances that certain animals can inject by means of a bite, sting or other sharp body feature.Prognosis: generally good guarded to poor with anaphylactic reactions.Pain relief, short-acting corticosteroid or antihistamine. Treatment: removal of the sting, application of ice, application of meat tenderizer (papain), application of baking soda.Diagnosis: history and clinical signs careful examination.Signs: pain, redness swelling dysphagia and dyspnea anaphylaxis → death.Randomized controlled trial of topical aspirin in the treatment of bee and wasp stings. To pee, or not to pee: A review on envenomation and treatment in European jellyfish species. doi:10.7759/cureus.8078Ĭenters for Disease Control and Prevention. Methods of honey bee stinger removal: A systematic review of the literature. National Capital Poison Center: Poison Control. ![]()
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